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\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\uff1f<\/h2>\n

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\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u75c7\u72b6<\/h2>\n

\u8bc6\u522b\u53ef\u7591\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fABCDE\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5e2e\u52a9\u533a\u5206\u53ef\u7591\u75e3\u4e0e\u826f\u6027\u75e3\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u6807\u51c6\u3002A\uff08\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff09\u662f\u6307\u75e3\u7684\u4e24\u534a\u5f62\u72b6\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002B\uff08\u8fb9\u754c\uff09\u662f\u6307\u8fb9\u7f18\u53c2\u5dee\u4e0d\u9f50\u3001\u6709\u7f3a\u53e3\u6216\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5149\u6ed1\u6574\u9f50\u3002C\uff08\u989c\u8272\uff09\u662f\u6307\u540c\u4e00\u5904\u51fa\u73b0\u68d5\u8272\u3001\u9ed1\u8272\u3001\u68d5\u8910\u8272\u3001\u7ea2\u8272\u3001\u767d\u8272\u6216\u84dd\u8272\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u3002D\uff08\u76f4\u5f84\uff09\u662f\u6307\u75e3\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u5927\u4e8e\u7ea66\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u94c5\u7b14\u6a61\u76ae\u64e6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002E\uff08\u53d8\u5316\uff09\u662f\u6307\u75e3\u5728\u6570\u5468\u81f3\u6570\u6708\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u989c\u8272\u6216\u8d28\u5730\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9879\u7279\u5f81\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u8bf7\u533b\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

Beyond the ABCDE signs, other clues can point to melanoma. A new spot, or one that looks noticeably different from a person’s other moles, sometimes called the ugly duckling sign, deserves attention, as does any mole that begins to itch, bleed, or fails to heal. While melanoma most often develops on skin that gets sun exposure, such as the back, legs, arms, and face, it can also appear in places that are rarely examined, including the scalp, the soles of the feet, under the nails, and, less commonly, the eyes. A systematic skin self-exam paired with a periodic professional skin check helps catch these changes early.<\/p>\n\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u53ca\u5371\u9669\u56e0\u7d20<\/h2>\n

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\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

Diagnosis starts with a visual skin examination, often helped by dermoscopy, a technique using a special magnifying light to study a mole’s pattern and color. Any suspicious spot is then sampled with a skin biopsy, which may be a shave, punch, incisional, or excisional biopsy depending on the lesion’s size and location, and examined under a microscope to confirm whether melanoma is present. That same sample lets a pathologist measure the Breslow depth, how many millimeters deep the tumor has grown, one of the strongest predictors of outcome and a key part of the tumor, or T, category used in staging.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Breslow\u539a\u5ea6<\/th>\u5bf9\u5206\u671f\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u5c0f\u4e8e0.8\u6beb\u7c73<\/td>\u80bf\u7624\u6700\u8584\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u671f\u4e3aT1\uff0c\u6cbb\u6108\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u6700\u9ad8<\/td><\/tr>\n
0.8\u6beb\u7c73\u81f34.0\u6beb\u7c73<\/td>\u4e2d\u7b49\u539a\u5ea6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u671f\u4e3aT2\u81f3T3<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u5927\u4e8e4.0\u6beb\u7c73<\/td>\u80bf\u7624\u6700\u539a\uff0c\u5206\u671f\u4e3aT4\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u9ad8<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7b49\u539a\u5ea6\u7684\u80bf\u7624\uff0c\u524d\u54e8\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\u6d3b\u68c0\u53ef\u68c0\u6d4b\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6269\u6563\u81f3\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\uff08N\uff09\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5bfc\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u9ad8\u5206\u671f\u7684\u75c5\u53d8\uff0cCT\u3001PET\u6216MRI\u7b49\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u68c0\u67e5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6269\u6563\u81f3\u8fdc\u5904\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u8840\u6db2\u68c0\u6d4b\u5728\u665a\u671f\uff08IV\u671f\uff09\u75c5\u53d8\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u68c0\u6d4b \u4e73\u9178\u8131\u6c22\u9176\uff08LDH\uff09\u8840\u6db2\u68c0\u6d4b<\/a> \u5df2\u76f4\u63a5\u7eb3\u5165\u5206\u671f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aLDH\u6b63\u5e38\u4e0e\u5347\u9ad8\u53ef\u5c06\u60a3\u8005\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9884\u540e\u4e9a\u7ec4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u80bf\u7624\u8d1f\u8377\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u80bf\u7624\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\u548c\u8fdb\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u3001\u8f83\u8584\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u9700\u624b\u672f\u5207\u9664\u5373\u53ef\u6cbb\u6108\uff0c\u624b\u672f\u4f1a\u5207\u9664\u80bf\u7624\u53ca\u5468\u56f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u76ae\u80a4\u3002\u968f\u7740\u80bf\u7624\u589e\u539a\u6216\u6269\u6563\u81f3\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\u6216\u8fdc\u5904\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5168\u8eab\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u518d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u76ae\u80a4\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\n
\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u5f0f<\/th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u624b\u672f\u5207\u9664<\/td>\u5207\u9664\u80bf\u7624\u53ca\u5468\u56f4\u6b63\u5e38\u76ae\u80a4\u8fb9\u7f18\uff1b\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u514d\u75ab\u6cbb\u7597<\/td>\u5e2e\u52a9\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u653b\u51fb\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\uff1b\u7528\u4e8e\u8f83\u9ad8\u5206\u671f\u548c\u665a\u671f\u75c5\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u672f\u524d\u6cbb\u7597<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u9776\u5411\u6cbb\u7597<\/td>\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\uff08\u5982BRAF\uff09\u7684\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u7ea6\u534a\u6570\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u5b58\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u9a71\u52a8\u80bf\u7624\u751f\u957f<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7597<\/td>\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\u624b\u672f\u540e\uff0c\u6216\u7f13\u89e3\u5df2\u6269\u6563\u75c5\u53d8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75c7\u72b6<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

For melanoma that has spread to nearby lymph nodes or beyond, treatment now often combines approaches. Immunotherapy drugs called checkpoint inhibitors, which release the brakes that let cancer hide from the immune system, are used both after surgery and increasingly before it, sometimes combining two checkpoint inhibitors for a stronger effect. When a tumor carries a BRAF mutation, targeted therapy can be added or used alone, particularly when a fast response is needed. Because these are powerful medications with distinct side effects, treatment decisions are made individually, weighing tumor thickness, staging, BRAF status, and each person’s overall health.<\/p>\n\n

\u4e0e\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u5171\u5b58\u53ca\u957f\u671f\u9884\u540e<\/h2>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u671f\u5065\u5eb7\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u5207\u9664\u521d\u59cb\u80bf\u7624\u540e\u65e0\u9700\u63a5\u53d7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u957f\u671f\u968f\u8bbf\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5b9a\u671f\u76ae\u80a4\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u66fe\u60a3\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u4eba\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u75c5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u539f\u53d1\u90e8\u4f4d\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u8bca\u65f6\u75c5\u60c5\u8f83\u665a\u7684\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u968f\u8bbf\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u8840\u6db2\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u76d1\u6d4b\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5426\u590d\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9632\u6652\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u7ec8\u8eab\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7167\u5c04\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u53d1\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u76ae\u80a4\u764c\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5b66\u4f1a\u6bcf\u6708\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u9762\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\u81ea\u6211\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u5bb6\u4eba\u5e2e\u52a9\u68c0\u67e5\u80cc\u90e8\u548c\u5934\u76ae\u7b49\u96be\u4ee5\u81ea\u67e5\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u53ca\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8ba9\u60a8\u66f4\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u6709\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u9057\u4f20\u6027\uff0c\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4e5f\u5efa\u8bae\u5b9a\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u76ae\u80a4\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u968f\u8bbf\uff0c\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u957f\u671f\u9884\u540e\u6b63\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u5c55<\/h2>\n

\u6839\u636ePubMed\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u53ef\u624b\u672f\u5207\u9664\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\uff0c\u672f\u524d\u7ed9\u4e88\u514d\u75ab\u6cbb\u7597\u6b63\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u6bd4\u4ec5\u5728\u672f\u540e\u7ed9\u4e88\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002\u57283\u671fNADINA\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u53ef\u5207\u9664III\u671f\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u624b\u672f\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u672f\u524d\u63a5\u53d7\u4f0a\u5339\u6728\u5355\u6297\u548c\u7eb3\u6b66\u5229\u5c24\u5355\u6297\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u60a3\u800512\u4e2a\u6708\u65e0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u751f\u5b58\u7387\u4e3a83.7%\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u5728\u672f\u540e\u63a5\u53d7\u7eb3\u6b66\u5229\u5c24\u5355\u6297\u8f85\u52a9\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u4e3a57.2%\uff08Blank\u7b49\uff0c2024\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u60a8\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ef\u5207\u9664\u7684III\u671f\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\uff0c\u5728\u624b\u672f\u524d\uff08\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u5728\u624b\u672f\u540e\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u514d\u75ab\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u590d\u53d1\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

Research is also advancing on cancer vaccines personalized to a patient’s own tumor. In the KEYNOTE-942 trial, adding an individualized messenger RNA vaccine made from each patient’s tumor mutations to the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab after surgery raised 18-month recurrence-free survival to 79%, compared with 62% for pembrolizumab alone, in people with resected high-risk melanoma (Weber et al., 2024). What this means for you: a vaccine tailored to a person’s own cancer, layered onto standard immunotherapy, may further reduce the chance that melanoma returns after surgery. A five-year update of this trial found the benefit is lasting rather than temporary, with continued reductions in recurrence and distant metastasis, a favorable trend in overall survival, and no new safety concerns after a median follow-up of just over five years (Khattak et al., 2026). What this means for you: this personalized vaccine approach looks like a durable benefit rather than a short-lived signal, supporting its continued testing in larger trials and offering encouragement for people with high-risk melanoma.<\/p>\n\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868<\/h2>\n
\n
\u672f\u8bed<\/th>\u5b9a\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7ec6\u80de<\/td>\u76ae\u80a4\u4e2d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ea7\u751f\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u5373\u7531\u6b64\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n
ABCDE\u6cd5\u5219<\/td>\u4e00\u79cd\u7b5b\u67e5\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff08Asymmetry\uff09\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\uff08Border\uff09\u3001\u989c\u8272\uff08Color\uff09\u3001\u76f4\u5f84\uff08Diameter\uff09\u3001\u6f14\u53d8\uff08Evolving\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u75e3\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n
Breslow\u539a\u5ea6<\/td>\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6beb\u7c73\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d3b\u68c0\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8f85\u52a9\u80bf\u7624\u5206\u671f\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u524d\u54e8\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\u6d3b\u68c0<\/td>\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u672f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5207\u9664\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u5148\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\uff0c\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u53d1\u751f\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n
BRAF\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8<\/td>\u7ea6\u534a\u6570\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u56e0\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u9776\u5411\u836f\u7269\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u9776\u70b9\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4e73\u9178\u8131\u6c22\u9176\uff08LDH\uff09<\/td>\u8fd9\u662f\u665a\u671f\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8840\u6db2\u6807\u5fd7\u7269\uff1b\u6c34\u5e73\u5347\u9ad8\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u793a\u75be\u75c5\u8d1f\u62c5\u8f83\u91cd\u3002<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u514d\u75ab\u6cbb\u7597<\/td>Treatment that helps a person’s own immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff1f<\/h3>\n

Melanoma often looks like a mole or dark spot that stands out from a person’s other moles, following the ABCDE pattern: asymmetrical, with an irregular border, more than one color, a diameter over about 6 millimeters, or a shape that keeps changing. Colors range from brown and black to tan, red, white, or blue, so any new or changing spot is worth having checked.<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8ff9\u8c61\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/h3>\n

The earliest sign is usually a change in an existing mole, or a new one that looks different from a person’s other moles, sometimes called the ugly duckling sign. A mole that itches, bleeds, or will not heal is another early clue. Learning the ABCDE warning signs helps people catch a problem while it is easiest to treat.<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7531\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7ec6\u80de\uff08\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ea7\u751f\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\u7ec6\u80de\uff09\u53d1\u751fDNA\u635f\u4f24\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u9633\u5149\u3001\u65e5\u6652\u5e8a\u6216\u592a\u9633\u706f\u4e2d\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u8f90\u5c04\u3002\u76ae\u80a4\u767d\u7699\u3001\u5934\u53d1\u6216\u773c\u775b\u989c\u8272\u8f83\u6d45\u3001\u75e3\u8f83\u591a\u3001\u6709\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u5bb6\u65cf\u53f2\u6216\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u5206\u4e3a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5206\u671f\uff1f<\/h3>\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u63090\u81f3IV\u671f\u5206\u671f\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u5305\u62ecBreslow\u6df1\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u80bf\u7624\u4fb5\u5165\u76ae\u80a4\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff09\u3001\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u6e83\u75a1\u3001\u662f\u5426\u7d2f\u53ca\u9644\u8fd1\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u8fdc\u5904\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u75c5\u53d8\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u76ae\u80a4\uff0cIV\u671f\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u80bf\u7624\u5df2\u6269\u6563\u81f3\u80ba\u3001\u809d\u6216\u8111\u7b49\u8fdc\u5904\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/h3>\n

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